Citizens Academies and Developing Community Capital

Community and Economic Development – Blog by UNC School of Government

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Citizens Academies and Developing Community Capital

By Rick Morse

Published April 10, 2012

For decades now, Cornelia and Jan Flora of Iowa State University have been at the leading edge of community development research. They have found that sustainable communities nurture and make investments in seven types of community capital. Thus community development can be viewed as the development of these various forms of capital. This post looks at citizens academy programs as a local government practice that simultaneously develops human, social, and political (or civic) capital.

Citizens academies are educational programs conducted by cities and counties aiming to create better informed and engaged citizens. These programs involve ordinary citizens participating in several (between six and twelve) sessions taught by local government officials on the wide range of local government services and operations. Programs are usually taught to cohorts of  20-25 residents and end with a graduation. Participants not only learn about their local government, but also learn about how they can be directly involved in it by, for example, serving on boards or committees.

There are dozens of local governments running citizens academies here in North Carolina. Some long-standing, well-regarded programs include (in no particular order): ” Hickory’s “Neighborhood College,” Pitt County’s “Citizens Academy,” Cary’s “School of Government,” Durham City/County’s “Neighborhood College,” Greensboro’s “City Academy,”and Concord’s “Concord 101.” There are many other excellent programs in North Carolina, in communities large (e.g. Charlotte) and small (e.g. Aberdeen).

Over the last two years my colleagues and I have studied these programs in some depth. We have learned that they are a relatively new phenomenon, with the vast majority of programs beginning within the last five to ten years. They seem to be modeled after more longstanding citizen police academies as well as, to some extent, community leadership programs often organized by local chambers of commerce or other nonprofit groups. What makes these programs unique, however, is that they are run by local governments and educate citizens on the full range of local government operations and services. Programs typically include a lot of hands-on learning, including field trips to water plants, fire stations, recreation centers, and so on.

The reasons why local governments invest time and money into citizens academies are pretty straightforward. First, they are a good public relations tool. Graduates of citizens academies are often very impressed by what they have learned and by the people they get to know, and because of this often become informal ambassadors for the local government out in the community. Academy graduates also tend become more involved and are more knowledgeable participants. As local governments seek to better engage citizens in community affairs, there is more of a recognition of the need to develop a deeper pool of citizens that are both engaged and informed. Thus many programs explicitly link their citizens academies with filling positions on various boards and commissions.

But the value of citizens academies, goes beyond creating more knowledgeable citizens. Citizens academies can (and I would argue, should) be seen as a direct investment in several forms of community capital, namely, human, social, and political. These programs develop human capital in the ways already mentioned, that is, developing more engaged and informed citizens in the community. Participants increase their ability to work with and through their local government. A survey conducted in 2011 demonstrated a significant increase in civic involvement of participants after attending citizens academies. The programs also develop social capital to the extent that relationships of trust are developed between government staff and citizens as well as among participants themselves. And in deepening the pool of engaged and informed citizens, political (or civic) capital is also developed. In fact you will find many citizens academy graduates serving in elected office. But even outside elective office, developing more capable members of boards and commissions directly contributes to a community’s stock of civic capital.

Clearly the extent to which a particular program develops these sources of community capital will depend upon the extent to which the program seeks to go beyond merely informing participants. There is a big difference between a two-hour PowerPoint lecture on the city budget and an engaging budget simulation exercise, for example. But the potential is clearly there for citizens academies to make significant contributions to developing local civic capacity. Creating sustainable communities requires the concerted effort of all sectors of the community. Citizens academies are one small, but significant (and often overlooked), way that local governments can contribute to the development of human, social, and civic capital.